The present disclosure relates to a communication scheme for convergence of an IoT technology and a 5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate beyond a 4G system, and a system therefor. The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart or connected cars, healthcare, digital education, retail businesses, security and security-related services, or the like) on the basis of a 5G communication technology and IoT-related technologies. The present invention provides a method for random access by aterminal, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting a first message for random access to a base station; receiving, from the base station, a second message including information related to backoff of each beam transmitted by the base station; and storing information related to the backoff of each beam.