method, apparatus and system to initialize cognitive system supported by cognitive pilot channel. the present invention discloses a method, an apparatus, and a system for initializing a cognitive system supported by a cognitive pilot channel, wherein the implementation of the method includes: sending a frequency initialization request message to the cpc ap; receiving a frequency initialization response message sent by the cpc ap, where the frequency initialization response message includes cpc private resource description information; radiating cognitive information from a base station and description information from an access channel on the uplink to the terminal over a channel specified in the cpc private resource description information; receive cognitive information from the terminal about private cpc resources; decide a working frequency according to the terminals cognitive information, and send the decided working frequency to the terminal; establish, at the frequency of work decided, a link with the terminal.